Margaret Beaufort Facts and Timeline

Also see: Margaret Beaufort Biography   Margaret Beaufort Facts Known for:  founder of the (British royal) Tudor dynasty through her support for her son’s claim to the throneDates:  May 31, 1443 – June 29, 1509 (some sources give 1441 as birth year) Background, Family: Mother: Margaret Beauchamp, an heiress. Her father was John Beauchamp, and her first husband was Oliver St. John.Father: John Beaufort, earl of Somerset (1404 – 1444). His mother was Margaret Holland and his father was John Beaufort, first earl of Somerset.Siblings: Margaret Beaufort had no full siblings. Her mother had six children with her first husband, Oliver St. John Margaret’s mother, Margaret Beauchamp, was an heiress whose maternal ancestors included Henry III and his son, Edmund Crouchback.   Her father was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who was a son of Edward III, and of John’s mistress-turned-wife, Katherine Swynford. After John married Katherine, he had their children, given the patronym Beaufort, legitimized through a papal bull and royal patent.   The patent (but not the bull) specified that the Beauforts and their descendants were excluded from the royal succession. Margaret’s paternal grandmother, Margaret Holland, was an heiress; Edward I was her  paternal ancestor and Henry III her  maternal ancestor. In the wars of succession known as the Wars of the Roses, the York party and the Lancaster party were not completely separate family lines; they were much interconnected by family relationships.   Margaret, though aligned with the Lancaster cause, was the second cousin of both Edward IV and Richard III; the mother of those two York kings,  Cecily Neville  was the daughter of  Joan Beaufort  who was the daughter of John of Gaunt and  Katherine Swynford. In other words, Joan Beaufort was the sister of Margaret Beauforts grandfather, John Beaufort. Marriage, Children: Contracted marriage with: John de la Pole (1450; dissolved 1453). His father, William de la Pole, was Margaret Beaufort’s guardian. John’s mother, Alice Chaucer, was the granddaughter of the writer Geoffrey Chaucer and his wife, Philippa, who was the sister of Katherine Swynford.   Thus, he was a third cousin of Margaret Beaufort.Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (married 1455, died 1456). His mother was Catherine of Valois, daughter of King Charles VI of France and widow of Henry V. She married Owen Tudor after Henry V died.   Edmund Tudor was thus a maternal half-brother of Henry VI; Henry VI was also a descendant of John of Gaunt, by his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster.Son: Henry Tudor, born January 28, 1457Henry Stafford (married 1461, died 1471).   Henry Stafford was her second cousin; his grandmother, Joan Beaufort, was also a child of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford.   Henry was a first cousin of Edward IV.Thomas Stanley, Lord Stanley, later Earl of De rby (married 1472, died 1504) Timeline Note: many details have been left off.   See: Margaret Beaufort biography 1443 Margaret Beaufort born 1444 Father, John Beaufort, died 1450 Marriage contract with John de la Pole 1453 Marriage to Edmund Tudor 1456 Edmund Tudor died 1457 Henry Tudor born 1461 Marriage to Henry Stafford 1461 Edward IV took crown from Henry VI 1462 Guardianship of Henry Tudor given to a Yorkist supporter 1470 Rebellion against Edward IV put Henry VI back on throne 1471 Edward IV again became king, Henry VI and his son both killed 1471 Henry Stafford died of wounds suffered in battle on behalf of the Yorkists 1471 Henry Tudor flees, went to live in Brittany 1472 Married to Thomas Stanley 1482 Margarets mother, Margaret Beauchamp, died 1483 Edward IV died, Richard III became king after imprisoning Edwards two sons 1485 Defeat of Richard III by Henry Tudor, who became King Henry VII October 1485 Henry VII crowned January 1486 Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville September 1486 Prince Arthur born to Elizabeth of York and Henry VII, Margaret Beauforts first grandchild 1487 Coronation of Elizabeth of York 1489 Princess Margaret born, named for Margaret Beaufort 1491 Prince Henry (future Henry VIII born) 1496 Princess Mary born 1499 1506 Margaret Beaufort made her home at Collyweston, Northamptonshire 1501 Arthur married Catherine of Aragon 1502 Arthur died 1503 Elizabeth of York died 1503 Margaret Tudor married James IV of Scotland 1504 Thomas Stanley died 1505 1509 Gifts to create Christs College at Cambridge 1509 Henry VII died, Henry VIII became king 1509 Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon coronation 1509 Margaret Beaufort died Next:  Margaret Beaufort Biography

Effective Educational Leader Of Special Education Essay

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A Short Note On The Elderly Population A Final Review Of...

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Oil In America Essay Example For Students

Oil In America Essay Oil in AmericaAmerica has many problems with its environment. The facts areclear that most corporations wont take the blame for them. These companies tryto find ways out by stating that they are not the ones responsible for theseproblems. They try to protect themselves from the mistakes they made in the oilindustry and the country. The facts are clear that there have been disasters inthe oil field industry in the past ten years and they stand out in history. The article Myths We Wouldnt Miss, by the Mobil Corporation,states that there hasnt been a major off shore oil disaster in past years. That may be true and it tries to get Mobil out of a jam but the underlying factis that there have been oil spills and pollutants put into the environment andthat cannot be excused. There have been facts which prove that there have beendecreases in the fish population and in the aquatic life in the regions wherethe oil companies have been. The negligence of these companies can be shown indifferent fields. We will write a custom essay on Oil In America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There have been many incidents in the oil field industry datingback to January 28 1969, in Santa Barbara. This may have been a long time agobut this was a disaster this country has never seen. On the 28 a well burst onthe Santa Barbara Channel. It raged for ten days and killed 3crewmen.(Easton,10) There were major problems stopping this rig and no matterwhat happened there was already enough damage done. On February 23, the wellerupted again. The environmental consequences were evident. As the oil spilleddown towards the south the numbers were staggering of how much oil actually waspouring out into the ocean. By the month of march 3,000,000 gallons of oilescaped into the ocean.(Easton,251) Here is where the story is corrupted by theoil companies. Union Oil, the company responsible for this stated that theirfacts only showed 250,000 gallons.(Easton,256) There were presidential testsand discovered the oil company was wrong. The most damaging evidence to thesesoil companies was the disc overy that was made when the government sent a diverunder the spill to investigate the well. The source showed that more oil leakedthan the oil company reported. The environmental damage was horrible and it was a massacre ofmuch of the marine life in the area. The sea lion and seal population decreasedby 881 new sea lion pups.(Easton,256) The bird species in the area suffered themost. 3,686 birds were found dead. The diving birds had the hardest time. Going to the water was a hazard and they starved or was covered in the oiledwater. This problem will always be in the minds of the oil companies and thosewho worked for them. Another development which hurts the Mobil Companies statement isthe Argo Merchant spill in March of 1977. This accident took place on NantucketIsland, Mass. The tanker went aground on a fishing rip and submerged part ofthe rig.(Grose.iii) According to Grose the tanker tried to correct itself butit cracked in half and spilled 7,700,000 gallons into the water. This spill isthe largest spill in the history of the United States.(Grose,vii) This set offscientific activity which went on for a full year. There were some redeemingfactors about this spill. The wind prevented the oil from surfacing on thebeaches. The oil that was being transported was low density and did notcontaminate the bottom of the ocean.(Grose,356) As well as the spill happenedin the winter and the ecological damage was not as big as Santa Barbara or manyothers. This spill did however, cover more area than most. The oil spread outover large areas and did not cut off anywhere, it just spread and covered theicy and watery surfaces. There was again deaths found in the birds of the areabut the mammals survived here. There was also a lower level of blood serum inthe shellfish and plankton, this makes for a bad crop and development in thebottom feeders.(Grose,v) There is way out here for the oil companies becausethere was not as much damage done to the environment. The oil companies canbreathe a little easier but the truth here is that there are too many disasters. .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .postImageUrl , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:hover , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:visited , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:active { border:0!important; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:active , .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue626c9f433561d9f13d21531fbb43c4a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personality Disorders Essay SummaryThere was an Alaskan disaster which the Exxon company choosesnow to forget. On a morning in May,1989 the ship The Exxon Valdez was in PrinceWilliam Sound and during the transport of the fuel there was a leak along thepipeline. This gigantic strip of water and home to thousands of marine animalswas contaminated.(Wheelwright,11) This showed much of the world that the oilindustry was just accident prone. The damage caused here was irreversible. There was an incredible cleanup effort it took months and up until now therestill has not been a total cleanup. This spill called for extreme cleanupmeasures using vacuums to try to suck up the spill. But there happened to betoo much oil. The marine life in this case like in every case suffered greatlyin this situation. The Sound houses thousand of lower marine life forms whichwere destroyed because the environment could not give the proper nutrition tothese animals.(Wheelwright,23) The biggest loss is the crustacean population. There was a decrease in the larvae that these creatures produce and it lowerstheir reproduction. This stops our own food chain. These problems areexperienced by all of us. The underlying fact is that there is plenty of evidence that notonly do these problems exist but they do cause major ecological disasters. Thefuel that was in the Argo which was No.2 fuel is low density. According tosources it causes great amounts of toxicity.(Vaughan,2.1) The gases mix in thewater and make it hard for fish to breathe and reproduce. This also is a rapideffect on the environment, it happens right away and doesnt give us a chance toclear it out of the water. It is said to even start a dilution period you need96 hours after the spill before you can start to clean up the mess.(Vaughan2)Butbesides the technical terms this problem affects our lives in a practical way. The beaches are unsatisfactory to go on and our kids cant appreciate the beautyof this fine planet. The Mobil Corporation stated that there wasnt a major off shoredrilling incident. That is true. Most people dont look more into the realproblem. The problem is not just in the offshore drilling. It is in the entireoil and fuel industry. These companies realize the impact they have on thepublic and realize they all need the business of the American public. Thecompanies act irresponsibly and do not use the appropriate machinery which isnot up to standard. In my own opinion these companies know the consequences ofusing what they have. There is no excuse for the problems that they have. Human error is not calculated right and there is a disaster. We know the kindof damage that is done in the marine life. Why do we insist on doing this then?Is there any other way to get the oil here and back? Why do the oil companiesalso try to cover up for the damage that they have done?The Mobil Corporation states its facts well. Every companyshows that their facts make sense and gets them out of any trouble that theymight be in. They have cited sources in research books and in the articlementioned in the beginning. These sources are all well and good and they dug upthese facts to protect themselves from the truth. It is not something we canpull out of by excuses, but by facing it head on and making it easier on ourplanet and those who will be there for years to come.